Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is a comprehensive process that evaluates the potential adverse effects of human activities or natural events on the environment. It encompasses a systematic analysis of various factors, including pollutants, contaminants, and other stressors, to gauge their impact on ecosystems, human health, and the overall well-being of the environment. This intricate process plays a crucial role in guiding decision-making, policy formulation, and regulatory measures to mitigate potential risks and safeguard environmental sustainability. The core objective of Environmental Risk Assessment is to identify, quantify, and manage potential risks associated with activities that have the potential to harm the environment. This involves a thorough examination of the interactions between stressors and receptors, considering exposure pathways and the vulnerability of ecosystems. The assessment is not limited to human-centric impacts; rather, it considers the broader...